COSMOS : 2017

COSMIC Calendar

Scale in which lifetime of Universe is mapped onto a calendar year . That is Big bang took place on cosmic January 1 at precisely midnight , and today's data and time is December 31 at midnight .

Cosmic calendar of the Universe .

Big bang to the present state of the Universe .

Big bang and the galaxy cluster formation .

Cyanobacteria - 2,80,00,00,000 years old - Oct -18

Eukaryotic cells - 2,00,00,00,000 years old - Nov - 18

First fish , Arandaspis - 47,00,00,000 years old - Dec 19

First tree , Archaeopteris - 37,00,00,000 years old -
Dec 22

Our last fish Ancestor, Acanthostega - 36,50,00,000 years old -
Dec 22

First animal who walk on earth , lchthyostega
- 36,20,00,000 years old - Dec 22 .

Permian - Triassic extinction event - 25,10,00,000 years old -
Dec 25

Jurrassic life , Age of Dinosaurs -
18,00,00,000 years old - Dec 27

Cretaceous - Tertiary extinction event - 6,55,00,000 years old -
Dec 30 .

Placental mammals , Eomaia - 12,50,00,000 years old
Dec 28 .

Australopithecus - 35,00,000 years old -
Dec 31 .21:45

Homo erectus - 20,00,000 years old -
Dec 31 . 22:43 .

Homo sapiens - 1,95,000 years old - Dec 31 , 22:53 .

Sumerian civilisation build the first city - 6,000 years old -
Dec 31 . 23:59:46

Invention of writing
Dec 31 . 23:59:48

Great pyramid of Giza - Dec 31 , 23:59:49 .

Stonehenge - Dec 31 , 23:59:50

Code of laws - Dec 31 . 23:59:51

Iron age - Dec 31 .23:59:53

Age of Pericles - Dec 31 , 23:59:54

Alexander the Great - Dec 31 , 23:59:54

Maya civilization - Dec 31 , 23:59:56

Carolingian renaissance- Dec 31 , 23:59:57

Magna carta - Dec 31 , 23:59:58

Typography - Dec 31 , 23:59:58

Issac newton - Dec 31 , 23:59:59

French revolution - Dec 31 , 23:59:59

Industrial revolution - Dec 31 , 23:59:59

Albert Einstein - E=MC^2 -
Dec 31 , 23:59:59

World war 1- Dec 31 , 23:59:59

World war 2 - Dec 31 , 23:59:59

Atomic bomb - Dec 31 , 23:59:59

DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid , Dec 31 , 23:59:59

Man on moon - Dec 31 , 23:59:59

Gulf war , Dec 31 , 23:59:59

Cloning - Dec 31 , 23:59:59

11 September attack on twin towers ,
Dec 31 , 23:59:59

Global warming - Dec 31 , 23:59:59

Graphical representation - 3D pie - All the occurrences based on %age .

Graphical representation - Tabular representation based on % age.

Carl Sagan words : We humans appear on the cosmic calendar so recently that our recorded history occupies only the last few seconds of the last minute of December 31^st .

In the vast ocean of time which this calendar represents all our memories are confirmed to this small square (the last day).

Every person we have ever heard of lived somewhere in there , all those kings and battles , migrations and inventions wars and loves .

Everything in the history books happens here , in the last 10 seconds of the cosmic calendar .

We on earth have just awakened to the great oceans of space and time from which we have emerged .

We are the legacy of 15 billion years of cosmic evolution .

We have a choice :

We can enhance life and come to know the universe that made us , or we can squander our 15 billion years heritage in meaningless self-destruction .

What happens in the first second of the next cosmic year depends on what we do , here and now with our intelligence and our knowledge of the cosmos .

Universe was created in BIG BANG , and it is transformed into building up of complex life as we know it today .

Did life was created in the beginning – was universe alive since its beginning ? Or else Life was created in the process of transformation .

Intelligent life was created on Earth , what was once a stardust has now been transformed into beings of this beautiful planet called Earth . Alien intervention can be a possible guess for injecting the seeds of life on Earth , perhaps creating a complex brain structure

We perhaps the most insignificant on the time scale of the universe and what we know is very little about our elegant universe .

Years ago	Calender	Time	Occurances
13,70,00,00,000	Jan -01		Big bang
13,30,00,00,000	Jan-11		First stars began to shine
13,20,00,00,000	Jan-15		Birth of galaxies
7,00,00,00,000	Jan-29		Milkyway galaxy formed
4,60,00,00,000	Aug-31		Solar system formed
4,52,70,00,000	Sep-03		Moon formed
4,00,00,00,000	Sep-17		First life formed on earth , bacteria .
2,80,00,00,000	Oct-18		Cyanobacteria
2,30,00,00,000	Nov-01		Oxygen atmosphere began to develop
2,20,00,00,000	Nov-03		First ice age
2,00,00,00,000	Nov-08		Eukaryotic cells
54,20,00,000	Dec-17		First microscopic organism
47,00,00,000	Dec-19		First fish , Arandaspis
40,00,00,000	Dec-21		Iapetus ocean disappears
37,00,00,000	Dec-22		First tree , Archaeopteris
37,00,00,000	Dec-22		Link between fish and tetrapods , Eusthenopteron
36,50,00,000	Dec-22		Our last fish Ancestor, Acanthostega
36,20,00,000	Dec-22		First animal who walk on earth , lchthyostega
25,60,00,000	Dec-25		Permian life , mammal like reptiles
25,10,00,000	Dec-25		Permian - Triassic extinction event
18,00,00,000	Dec-27		Jurrassic life , Age of Dinosaurs
12,50,00,000	Dec-28		Placental mammals , Eomaia
6,55,00,000	Dec-30		Cretaceous - Tertiary extinction event
5,00,00,000	Dec-30		The first primates
60,00,000	Dec-31	20:10	Humans and chimps lineages split
35,00,000	Dec-31	21:45	Australopithecus
30,00,000	Dec-31	22:05	First hominis to move from forest to savannah , Meat eating begins
20,00,000	Dec-31	22:43	Homo erectus
2,80,000	Dec-31	23:49	Complex stone tools
1,95,000	Dec-31	23:53	Homo sapiens
72,000	Dec-31	23:57	Clothing
35,000	Dec-31	23:58	Cave art
15,000	Dec-31	23:59:25	The first calender
10,000	Dec-31	23:59:37	Agriculture , first villagers
6,000	Dec-31	23:59:46	Sumerian civilisation build the first city
	Dec-31	23:59:48	Invention of writing
	Dec-31	23:59:49	Great pyramid of Giza
	Dec-31	23:59:50	Stonehenge
	Dec-31	23:59:51	Code of laws
	Dec-31	23:59:52	The Ten commandments
	Dec-31	23:59:53	Iron age
	Dec-31	23:59:54	Age of Pericles
	Dec-31	23:59:54	Alexander the Great
	Dec-31	23:59:55	Roman Empire
	Dec-31	23:59:55	Christianity
	Dec-31	23:59:56	Maya civilization
	Dec-31	23:59:56	Byzantine empire
	Dec-31	23:59:56	Islam
	Dec-31	23:59:57	Great wall of China
	Dec-31	23:59:57	Carolingian renaissance
	Dec-31	23:59:57	Crusades
	Dec-31	23:59:58	Magna carta
	Dec-31	23:59:58	Mongol Empire - Genghis khan
	Dec-31	23:59:58	The hundreads year war
	Dec-31	23:59:58	Black death
	Dec-31	23:59:58	Leonardo da Vinci
	Dec-31	23:59:58	Typography
	Dec-31	23:59:58	Discovery of America
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Michelangelo
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Magellan first circumnaviagtion of the earth
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Galileo Galilei
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Spanish Armada deafeated in the English Channel
	Dec-31	23:59:59	The thirty years War
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Issac newton
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Tsar Peter the great of Russia
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Declaration independence
	Dec-31	23:59:59	French revolution
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Battle of Waterloo
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Spring of Nations
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Industrial revolution
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Charles darwin The origin of Species - 1882
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Karl Benz - First automobile
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Womens rights
	Dec-31	23:59:59	The birth of cinema
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Wright brothers - First aeroplane
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Einstein - E=MC^2
	Dec-31	23:59:59	World war 1
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Russian revolution
	Dec-31	23:59:59	World war 2
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Atomic bomb
	Dec-31	23:59:59	First computer
	Dec-31	23:59:59	European Union
	Dec-31	23:59:59	DNA
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Vietnam War
	Dec-31	23:59:59	John F Kennedy
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Man on the moon
	Dec-31	23:59:59	AIDS
	Dec-31	23:59:59	The fall of the Wall
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Gulf war
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Cloning
	Dec-31	23:59:59	11 September attack on twin towers
	Dec-31	23:59:59	Global warming

References . https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WS6KUlniucI

Nemesis Star Theory .

Nemesis is a hypothetical red dwarf (or) brown dwarf which is believed to be orbiting around the sun at a distance of 95,000 AU (1.5 light years ) .

Nemesis - According to its english meaning its a cause of punishment or defeat that is deserved and which can never be avoided .

Nemesis orbit - Outside of the solar system .

Nemesis .

Periodicity of Mass Extinction

In 1984 paleontologist David Raup and Jack Sepkoski have claimed that there were statistical periodicity in the mass extinctions for a period of 250 million years .They have studied based on the fossil remains of vertebrates, invertebrates, and protozoans, identifying 12 extinction events over the time period .

Time period of extinctions were 26 million years .

They have now found extinction rate of 27 million years (The change from 26 to 27 million years is expected based on a 3% "stretch" in the geological timescale since the 1980s )

Graphs showing the mass extinction in a period of 250 million years .

Its believed that Dinosaurs had mass extinction .

The Nemesis Hypothesis

Astronomers and scientists have believed that there may be a undetected companion star to our Sun - sun's evil twin .

This star orbits in highly elliptical orbit in oort cloud , this causes the increase in the number of comets visiting the inner solar system and which may have hit the earth causing the mass extinction .

Nemesis Orbit .

Orbit of Sedna .

Sedna is believed to be a dwarf planet orbiting at a distance of about 86 AU from the Sun . Sedna's orbit is estimated to last for around 12000 years . Its surface composition is similar to some trans-neptunium objects and mixture of water , methane and nitrogen ices with tholins .

Sedna never comes to close to sun to be affected by sun nor does it goes farther away to be affected by other stars . Its believed that this orbits is caused by the presence of Nemesis .

Sednas orbit compared to other orbits .

Orbit of Tyche

It is a hypothetical gas giant located in the solar system Oort cloud . It orbits at a distance of 2.2×10¹² km from the Sun . This would have orbital period of 1.8 million years .

Nemesis is also believed to affects Tyches orbit .

Tyche orbit .

Searches for Nemesis .

Nemesis in infra-red is important because cooler stars shine more brightly in infrared light .

University of California's Leuschner Observatory failed to discover Nemesis in 1986 .
Infrared astronomical satellite (IRAS) failed to discover Nemesis in 1980 .
2MASS astronomical survey , which ran from 1997 to 2001 failed to detect .
WISE ( Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer ) mission : If Nemesis was a red / brown dwarf , it was expected to be detected by WISE because it can detect 150 Kelvin Brown dwarf at about 10 light years .

There were many failed observation , thats why this is just a theory and we need practical evidences to prove its existence .

COSMOS

Tuesday 4 July 2017

COSMIC Calendar .

COSMIC Calendar

References .

Monday 29 May 2017

Nemesis Star Theory .